With stems that zigzag like a fish skeleton, this cactus brings striking geometry to any plant collection. The fishbone cactus is an epiphytic plant, meaning it naturally grows on other plants in its jungle habitat. Its unique appearance and relatively easy care make it a favorite for indoor gardeners.
Unlike many desert cacti, this plant prefers more humidity and indirect light. It’s a fantastic choice for a hanging basket where its distinctive stems can cascade. This guide will cover everything you need to know to keep your fishbone cactus thriving.
Fishbone Cactus
The Fishbone Cactus, scientifically known as *Epiphyllum anguliger*, is native to the tropical forests of Mexico. It is not a desert dweller but an epiphyte that lives in the crooks of trees. This origin is key to understanding its care requirements.
Its most striking feature is the deeply lobed, zigzagging stem that resembles a fish skeleton or ric rac trim. These flat stems are where photosynthesis occurs, as the plant has no true leaves. In the right conditions, it produces stunning, fragrant flowers.
Plant Identification And Key Features
You can identify a fishbone cactus by its long, flat stems with deep, alternating notches. The stems are a lush green and can grow several feet long over time. They often start erect before arching gracefully over the edge of their pot.
The nocturnal flowers are a real treat, typically appearing in the fall. They are large, white to pale yellow, and emit a sweet scent at night to attract pollinators like moths. After flowering, it may produce a small, edible fruit.
Common Names and Varieties
You might hear this plant called by several other names. The ric rac cactus and zig-zag cactus refer to the same plant. There is also a closely related hybrid known as the orchid cactus, which has similar care needs but different stem shapes.
The true fishbone cactus (*Epiphyllum anguliger*) is the most common, but selecting a healthy plant is important. Look for firm, green stems without any soft, brown spots or signs of pests like mealybugs.
Ideal Growing Conditions
Recreating the fishbone cactus’s natural environment is the secret to success. It thrives in conditions that mimic a humid, dappled-light forest canopy. Getting these elements right prevents most common problems.
Light Requirements
Bright, indirect light is perfect for a fishbone cactus. An east or north-facing window is often ideal. A spot a few feet back from a south or west window works well too.
Direct afternoon sun can scorch the stems, causing yellow or bleached patches. If you only have direct light, use a sheer curtain to filter it. Insufficient light will result in slow growth and a lack of flowers.
Temperature and Humidity
This cactus enjoys average room temperatures between 60°F and 80°F (15°C – 27°C). It can tolerate a brief dip down to about 50°F (10°C) but should be protected from frost and cold drafts from windows or air conditioners.
Humidity is where it differs from desert cacti. Aim for 50-60% humidity. You can increase humidity by:
- Placing the pot on a tray filled with pebbles and water.
- Grouping it with other humidity-loving plants.
- Using a room humidifier, especially in dry winter months.
Planting And Potting Mix
Choosing the right pot and soil is critical because it affects watering and root health. The goal is to provide excellent drainage while retaining some moisture and air around the roots.
Selecting the Correct Pot
A pot with ample drainage holes is non-negotiable. Terracotta pots are excellent because they are porous, allowing the soil to dry more evenly. Plastic or ceramic pots retain moisture longer, so you must adjust your watering.
Since the stems trail, a hanging basket or a tall pot that allows for cascading growth shows off the plant best. Ensure the pot is only slightly larger than the root ball; too much soil stays wet too long.
The Perfect Soil Formula
A standard cactus mix is a good start, but it’s often best to amend it for better drainage. An epiphytic orchid mix is also a suitable base. Here is a reliable recipe you can mix at home:
- Two parts regular potting soil or orchid bark.
- One part perlite or pumice for aeration.
- One part coarse horticultural sand or additional perlite.
This blend ensures water flows through quickly while providing slight moisture retention and allowing air to reach the roots, mimicking its natural growing conditions on a tree.
Watering And Feeding Schedule
Watering is the aspect of care most likely to cause issues. The fishbone cactus likes consistent moisture during its growing season but despises soggy roots. The “soak and dry” method is highly effective.
How to Water Correctly
Water your plant thoroughly until water runs freely from the drainage holes. Then, allow the top half to two-thirds of the soil to dry out before watering again. You can check this by sticking your finger into the soil.
In the spring and summer, this might mean watering every 1-2 weeks, depending on light and temperature. In the fall and winter, reduce watering significantly, potentially only once a month or less, as the plant’s growth slows.
Fertilizing for Growth and Flowers
Feed your fishbone cactus during the active growing season (spring and summer). Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (like a 10-10-10 or 20-20-20) diluted to half strength. Apply it once a month.
To encourage blooming, you can switch to a fertilizer with a higher phosphorus content (like a 10-30-20) in late summer. Stop fertilizing completely in the fall and winter when the plant is resting. Over-fertilizing can harm the roots.
Pruning And Maintenance
Regular maintenance keeps your plant looking tidy and healthy. Pruning is simple and can help control the plant’s size and encourage fuller growth.
When and How to Prune
The best time to prune is in the spring or early summer. Use clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears. You can trim back any stems that have become too long or leggy.
Simply cut the stem at a joint or notch. The cuttings you remove can be used for propagation. Pruning can also stimulate the plant to produce new stems from the base, creating a bushier appearance.
Cleaning and Support
Gently wipe the flat stems with a damp cloth occasionally to remove dust, which allows the plant to absorb more light. As the stems grow long, they may need some support if you don’t want them to hang.
You can use small trellis or even secure the stems to a moss pole for an upward growth habit. Be careful not to damage the stems when attaching them.
Propagation Techniques
Propagating a fishbone cactus is straightforward and a great way to share the plant with friends. Stem cuttings root easily in soil or water.
Step-by-Step Propagation in Soil
- Select a healthy stem section that is at least 4-6 inches long.
- Using a clean knife or shears, make a clean cut at a joint.
- Let the cutting callus over for 1-2 days in a dry, shady spot. This prevents rot.
- Plant the callused end about an inch deep in a small pot filled with the moist, well-draining soil mix described earlier.
- Place the pot in bright, indirect light and water lightly when the top inch of soil feels dry. Roots should establish in a few weeks.
Propagating in Water
You can also root cuttings in water. After taking and callusing the cutting, place it in a jar so the bottom inch is submerged. Use plain water and change it weekly to keep it fresh.
Place the jar in bright, indirect light. Once you see a network of roots that are an inch or two long, you can pot the cutting up in soil. This method lets you watch the roots grow, which is satisfying.
Common Pests And Problems
Even with good care, you might encounter an issue. Early identification and treatment are key to saving your plant.
Identifying and Treating Pests
Mealybugs are the most common pest. They look like small, white, cottony masses in the stem notches. Scale insects can also appear as small, brown bumps.
To treat them, first isolate the affected plant. You can:
- Wipe the pests off with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol.
- Spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil solution, covering all surfaces.
- Repeat treatment every 7-10 days until the pests are gone.
Solving Cultural Issues
Yellowing stems often indicate overwatering or poor drainage. Check the roots for rot—they should be firm and white, not mushy and brown. If root rot is present, prune the affected roots and repot in fresh, dry soil.
Red or purple tinges on the stems can be a sign of too much direct sunlight. Simply move the plant to a less intense light location. A lack of flowers is usually due to insufficient light during the growing season or not having a cool, dry rest period in winter.
Seasonal Care Guide
Your fishbone cactus’s needs change with the seasons. Adjusting your care routine throughout the year promotes healthy growth and encourages blooming.
Spring and Summer Care
This is the active growing period. Provide plenty of bright, indirect light, consistent watering, and monthly feeding. You can move your plant outdoors to a shaded patio in summer if temperatures are warm, but acclimate it slowly to prevent sunburn.
This is also the best time for repotting, pruning, and propagation if needed. The plant will be actively producing new stems during these months.
Fall and Winter Care
As daylight decreases, the plant’s growth will slow. This is a crucial rest period. Reduce watering significantly, allowing the soil to dry out almost completely between waterings. Stop fertilizing entirely.
Provide cooler nighttime temperatures if possible, around 50-55°F (10-13°C), to help initiate flower buds for the next season. Keep it away from cold drafts and heating vents, which can cause dry air and stress.
Display And Styling Ideas
The architectural form of the fishbone cactus makes it a wonderful living decor piece. Its trailing habit offers many creative possibilities.
A hanging basket is the classic choice, allowing the zigzag stems to create a dramatic cascade. Place it in a macrame hanger near a window for a beautiful effect.
You can also train it up a small trellis or frame for a more vertical, sculptural display. On a shelf or mantel, let the stems spill over the edge for a softer look. It pairs beautifully with other textured plants like pothos or snake plants in a mixed arrangement.
FAQ Section
Is the fishbone cactus toxic to pets?
No, the fishbone cactus is considered non-toxic to both cats and dogs according to the ASPCA. However, it’s still best to keep it out of reach to prevent any stomach upset from chewing on the stems.
How often does a ric rac cactus bloom?
A mature and well-cared-for ric rac cactus typically blooms once a year, usually in the fall. The flowers open at night and may last only a day or two, but the plant can produce several flowers over a few weeks.
Why are the stems on my zig zag cactus thin and pale?
Thin, pale stems are a classic sign of insufficient light. The plant is stretching to find more light. Gradually move it to a brighter location with indirect sunlight to encourage stronger, greener growth.
Can I grow an Epiphyllum anguliger in a bathroom?
Yes, a bathroom with a window providing bright, indirect light can be an excellent spot. The higher humidity from showers is beneficial for the plant, mimicking its natural tropical environment.
What should I do if my fishbone cactus is not growing?
Check the key factors: light, water, and temperature. Insufficient light is the most common cause. Also, ensure you are feeding it during the growing season and that it’s not pot-bound. If roots are circling the pot, it may be time to repot into a slightly larger container.