While both are popular houseplants, the philodendron and monstera have distinct characteristics that set them apart upon closer look. For anyone trying to choose between a philodendron vs monstera, understanding these differences is key to proper care and satisfaction. This guide will break down everything you need to know, from their scientific classifications to their unique leaf shapes and care routines.
Philodendron Vs Monstera
At first glance, it’s easy to confuse these two tropical beauties. They both hail from the Araceae family, which explains their similar-looking flowers and growth habits. However, they belong to different genera, meaning they are more like cousins than siblings. This fundamental difference influences their appearance, growth, and the care they require in your home.
Botanical Classification And Origins
Knowing where these plants come from helps explain their needs. Both plants are native to the tropical regions of the Americas, but their evolutionary paths diverged long ago.
The Philodendron Family
Philodendron is a massive genus with over 450 recognized species. They are primarily found in the rainforests of Central and South America. Their name comes from the Greek words “philo” (love) and “dendron” (tree), referring to their habit of climbing up trees in their natural habitat. This genus is incredibly diverse, including both climbing (vining) and non-climbing (self-heading) varieties.
The Monstera Genus
Monstera is a smaller, separate genus within the same Araceae family. The most famous species, Monstera deliciosa, is native to southern Mexico and Panama. The name “Monstera” comes from the Latin word for “monstrous” or “abnormal,” referring to its large, unusual leaves with natural holes. Unlike the sprawling philodendron genus, Monstera has a more focused set of characteristics.
Key Visual Differences In Leaves
The leaves provide the most obvious clues for telling these plants apart. Once you know what to look for, identification becomes much simpler.
Leaf Shape and Texture
Philodendron leaves are typically heart-shaped, especially in common vining varieties like the Heartleaf Philodendron. They have a smoother, more uniform texture. The leaves are generally thinner and more pliable. Monstera leaves, on the other hand, are much larger and more rigid. They start heart-shaped but develop their iconic fenestrations (splits and holes) as they mature. Young monsteras often look very similar to philodendrons, which is a common source of confusion.
Fenestrations: Holes and Splits
This is the most famous difference. True philodendrons do not develop fenestrations. Some may have deeply lobed leaves, but they do not get the precise, round holes or elongated splits that monsteras are known for. Monstera fenestrations are a natural adaptation thought to allow sunlight and rain to pass through to lower leaves in the dense rainforest. If you see a plant with holes in the leaves, it’s almost certainly a Monstera.
Leaf Formation and Growth
Observe how new leaves emerge. Philodendron new leaves are protected by a sheath called a cataphyll. As the leaf grows, this sheath dries up and often falls off. In Monstera, new leaves unfurl directly from the previous leaf stalk without this protective sheath. You can see the new leaf tightly rolled up before it slowly opens, often with fenestrations already visible.
Growth Habits And Plant Structure
How these plants grow in your home will also differ, affecting where you place them and how you support them.
Climbing Mechanisms
Both plants are natural climbers, but they do it differently. Vining philodendrons produce aerial roots along their stems that help them attach to surfaces like tree bark or moss poles. These roots are relatively fine. Monstera deliciosa is a hemi-epiphyte, meaning it starts on the forest floor and climbs trees using thick, sturdy aerial roots that can grow several feet long. These roots seek out soil and nutrients and provide significant support for the heavy plant.
Overall Size and Form
While there are large philodendron species, the common houseplant varieties tend to stay more manageable. A Monstera deliciosa, however, can become a true indoor giant, with leaves spanning over three feet wide in the right conditions. It grows more upright and requires strong support, whereas many philodendrons are happy to trail from a hanging basket or climb a modest pole.
Care Requirements Compared
Their care is similar in many ways, but subtle differences can impact your success. Here’s a side-by-side comparison of their basic needs.
Light Preferences
Both plants prefer bright, indirect light. Direct sun can scorch their leaves.
- Philodendron: Generally more tolerant of lower light conditions. They can adapt to medium indirect light but will grow slower.
- Monstera: Requires brighter indirect light to develop its signature fenestrations. In too low light, the leaves will remain small and solid without splits.
Watering Needs
Overwatering is a common killer for both. They like their soil to partially dry out between waterings.
- Check the top 1-2 inches of soil with your finger.
- If it feels dry, it’s time to water thoroughly until water runs from the drainage holes.
- Empty the saucer to prevent root rot.
Philodendrons may need slightly less frequent watering than monsteras, but always let the soil condition, not the calendar, be your guide.
Soil and Fertilization
A well-draining, aerated potting mix is crucial. You can use a standard indoor plant mix amended with perlite or orchid bark.
- Fertilize both plants during the active growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted to half strength.
- Monsteras, due to their larger size and faster growth, may benefit from slightly more frequent feeding.
- Reduce or stop fertilization in fall and winter for both plants.
Humidity and Temperature
As tropical plants, they both appreciate humidity above 50%. They thrive in normal household temperatures between 65-85°F (18-29°C). Monsteras often show a greater appreciation for higher humidity, which can lead to larger leaves and faster growth. If your air is dry, consider grouping plants together or using a humidifier, especially for your monstera.
Common Varieties Of Each Plant
Knowing the popular types can help you choose the right one for your space.
Popular Philodendron Types
- Heartleaf Philodendron (Philodendron hederaceum): The classic vining plant with small, heart-shaped leaves. Very easy to care for.
- Philodendron Brasil: A cultivar of the Heartleaf with stunning lime green and dark green variegation.
- Philodendron Birkin: An upright variety known for its striking white pinstripes on dark green leaves.
- Philodendron Selloum (Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum): A large, non-climbing variety with deeply lobed leaves (not fenestrated).
Popular Monstera Types
- Monstera Deliciosa: The standard, with large, fenestrated leaves. It’s the one most people picture.
- Monstera Adansonii (Swiss Cheese Vine): A vining type with smaller leaves full of round holes. It’s growth habit is more like a vining philodendron.
- Monstera Albo Variegata: A highly sought-after (and expensive) cultivar of M. deliciosa with stunning white variegation on the leaves.
- Monstera Siltepecana: A smaller, shingling plant with silver-veined juvenile leaves that change form as they mature.
How To Tell Them Apart: A Step-by-Step Guide
If you have a plant and are unsure what it is, follow this simple checklist.
- Examine the Leaf: Look for holes (fenestrations). Holes = Monstera. No holes, check further.
- Check New Growth: Is the new leaf covered in a dry, papery sheath? Yes = Philodendron. Does it unfurl from a previous stem without a sheath? Yes = Monstera.
- Feel the Texture: Are the leaves thin and pliable? Likely Philodendron. Are they thick, leathery, and rigid? Likely Monstera.
- Look at the Aerial Roots: Thin, modest roots? Philodendron. Thick, brown, and aggressive-looking roots? Monstera.
Potential Problems And Solutions
Both plants can face similar issues. Here’s how to diagnose and fix them.
Yellowing Leaves
This is often a sign of overwatering. Check your soil moisture and ensure the pot has drainage holes. It can also indicate a need for fertilizer or, in monsteras, insufficient light.
Brown Leaf Edges or Tips
Usually caused by low humidity or inconsistent watering. It can also be due to a buildup of salts and minerals from tap water. Try using filtered or distilled water, and increase humidity around the plant.
Leggy Growth or Small Leaves
This almost always means the plant needs more light. Move it to a brighter location with indirect sunlight. For monsteras, this is the main reason they fail to develop fenestrations.
Pests
Both can be susceptible to common houseplant pests like spider mites, mealybugs, and scale.
- Isolate any affected plant immediately.
- Wipe leaves with a damp cloth or treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Check neighboring plants regularly to prevent spread.
Propagation Techniques
Sharing your plants is easy with both genera. The methods are very similar.
Propagating Philodendron
For vining types, stem cuttings are the easiest method.
- Cut a stem section with at least one node (the bump where leaves and roots grow from) and 1-2 leaves.
- Place the cutting in water, ensuring the node is submerged.
- Wait for roots to develop (usually 2-4 weeks), then pot in soil.
You can also root cuttings directly in moist sphagnum moss or soil.
Propagating Monstera
The process is nearly identical, utilizing stem cuttings with a node. For Monstera deliciosa, look for a section of stem that includes an aerial root. This root will quickly develop into a full root system, making propagation very succesful. You can air layer a monstera by wrapping moist sphagnum moss around an aerial root and node while it’s still on the plant, then cutting it off once roots grow into the moss.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is a Monstera a type of Philodendron?
No, it is not. They are in the same plant family (Araceae) but belong to completely separate genera. Think of them as cousins, not parent and child. This is a very common misconception due to their similar appearance.
Which is easier to care for, Philodendron or Monstera?
For beginners, the Heartleaf Philodendron is often considered the easiest and most forgiving. It tolerates lower light and occasional missed waterings better. However, most common Monstera species (like M. deliciosa) are also quite easy once you understand their need for bright light and proper watering.
Why does my Monstera not have holes in the leaves?
This is typically due to insufficient light. Fenestrations are a maturity trait that develops in response to bright, indirect light. A young monstera will also have solid leaves; the splits appear as the plant ages, provided it gets enough light.
Can I grow Philodendron and Monstera together in the same pot?
It’s not generally recommended. They have different growth rates and ultimate sizes. A Monstera will eventually outcompete most philodendrons for space and resources. It’s better to pot them separately so you can meet each plant’s specific needs.
Are Philodendron and Monstera toxic to pets?
Yes, both plants contain calcium oxalate crystals, which are toxic to cats and dogs if ingested. This can cause oral irritation, drooling, and difficulty swallowing. It’s best to keep these plants out of reach of curious pets.
Choosing between a philodendron and a monstera ultimately depends on your space and style. Philodendrons offer graceful trails or interesting shapes, often in more manageable sizes. Monsteras make a dramatic, architectural statement with their large, fenestrated leaves. By understanding their differences in classification, leaf structure, and care, you can confidently select the right plant and help it thrive in your home for years to come. Remember, the key to success with either is observing your plant’s response to its environment and adjusting your care accordingly.